I happen to agree with Yip on the degree thing. It does not make you a better pilot. It may make your options broader and make you more competitive but per se, it has little to do with the cognitive skills required in the cockpit. I know plenty of pilots who have degrees in chemistry, pharmacy, social studies etc. These are not even scientific degrees in the true sense such as physics or math.
With regard to the ease of getting advanced ratings, I happen to agree with botz45 and as a former military officer (with a scientific degree) and having done all my initial training in Europe (years ago), I can speak with some authority on the subject.
When I obtained my initial commmercial ratings and eventual ATP, I had to sit no less than 15 INDIVIDUAL EXAMS including morse code, performance A and weight and balance. Passing grades in everything was 70% and you had to pass all subjects. Some of them were split such as Nav general and Nav theory, Met theory and Met practical. Once you passed all subjects, you had to to a similar academic course/exams for your ATP upgrade once you had the hours. So, it was a very differentbeast than the FAA tests which I subsequently took. I know have THREE ICAO ATPs and a college degree. Yet, when I came to apply to the majors some 10 years ago, not a single interview!! What does that tell you??!!
Also, the emphasis on degrees and military pilots is FAR less outside the US. Most other countries have a true mix of candidates. For example, on a typical British Airways pilot selection, you will find a wide range of candidates, much more so than in any US airline selection procedure. These people will range from seasoned airline captains, airline FOs, military pilots, flight instructors, air taxi, male and female with ages ranging from early 20s to late 40s - even early 50s. Now that's what I call a diverse group of people and it seems to work for them! Months later these very same people end up flying A320s or B777s on international routes. Some of them will have degrees and some will not. But......they all have something to offer and clearly, it works because they have been doing it for years.
Here, on the other hand, there is sometimes too much emphasis on college degrees, hours, PIC hours, type of aircraft flown. I have seen this in other fields as well going from one extreme to another with no middle ground. Perhaps if the FAA and the airline recruiting staff were a less rigid, dare I say, hell bent, on insisting on certain criteria and going with the times, things might be a little better.
Just a few observations having seen it all from two very different sides.
Finally, I have the full respect and admiration for all those folks that gave us our freedom in WWII and other conflicts, with or without degrees.