Apologies to Occam, I think Andy may be right...
Believe it or not, enormous amounts of money sometimes hinge on a comma! Let's go to the tape (emphasis in bold, added):
Section 4: Master Alliance Agreement
iii Additional Termination Rights
(a) In the event of a NW Change of Control, each of CO and NW shall have the right to terminate the Master Alliance Agreement on 6 months' prior written notice, without liability or penalty to the other party.
(d) For purposes of this term sheet, a "Change of Control" with respect to either NW or CO shall mean any merger, reorganization, share exchange, consolidation, business combination, recapitalization, liquidation, dissolution or similar transaction involving NW or CO, or any sale or disposition of all or substantially all of NW's or CO's airline assets on a consolidated basis, involving, or the acquisition of beneficial ownership of 25% or more of the equity securities or voting power of NW or CO by, a third-party air carrier or carriers with annual passenger revenues in any such carrier's most recently completed fiscal year in excess of $1 billion, or an affiliate of any such third-party air carrier(s), or the execution of definitive agreements in respect of any such transaction.
OK, again I'm not a BK attorney - it doesn't matter what I do for a job - the King's English controls here. If Andy's quote is correct, UAL/CAL' lawyers may be betting the bold wording above is operative here, and the second section after "...CO, or any sale...," is not relevant because when a company goes Ch. 11 it does cede control of the company to the debtor-in-possession (DIP) lender, creditors' committees and the bankruptcy court (thus one of the things evidencing a Change of Control...is...reorganization...).
But, since banks, Boeing, Airbus, GE, P&W, etc., etc., don't want to run the airline themselves they let management continue to do so, under their watchful eyes and that of the bankruptcy court judge. Recall the recent news about DL's current management saying their "plan" is better than a US Air/DL merger? And Parker saying US Air's proposal was better? That wasn't about convincing anyone but DL's creditors option A or B was better - because the creditors control the airline, subject to the BK judge's approval.
NWA might be out of luck. UAL/CAL would not go to the trouble of having their respective CEOs meet without doing lots of legal homework first. You can be fairly certain the lawyers have developed a strategy or contingencies for hosing NWA's power to stop a deal. UAL and CAL might be able to weaken or wipe out NWA's leverage by showing that its power to meddle in CAL's plans evaporated when they filed BK. Maybe so much so that UAL/CAL might be able to buy NWA now too, but for way less because NWA is in bankruptcy and, short of liquidation, it won't be worth less than it is now.
One question...how much of NWA's revenues come from their code-share with CO? If it's a significant number (say 15-20%), might that call into question NWA's survival through/after BK without CO? If so, NWA's possibly dim long-term prospects might make it a very attractive target for a low-ball offer because NWA's creditors would be very skittish about whether they'll get paid by NWA at all.
Remember, there are no more shark-infested waters than those around a bankrupt company. Expect the unexpected. NWA might be in an awful bind here.