Not sure low fares are so much a problem of airlines in Ch.11, but low fares are the reason for Ch.11. I think the competetive enviroment is the real reason, the all encompassing desire to maintain or increase marketshare, to hell with the associated cost.
We have seen major carriers operate low cost divisions, even though the cost structure is the same as mainline. How that works, I am not sure, but perhaps it does on paper.
No one is willing to raise the fares to the level they should be and unfortunately, collusion is illegal. Now, there has been several attempts to raise fares, but they have been squashed by hold outs.
It is interesting to note, that had oil been trading at "normal prices" even with so many seats, most, if not all, of the airlines would have posted profits. It is a catch 22, with the consumer being squeezed at the pump, having less expendable cash overall, the airlines need to have lower fares. Fares so low, that they do not cover the expense of jetfuel.
How much higher does fares need to go, I am not sure, but probably not that much. AA, while posting a loss, it was relatively small and considering how many tickets they sell, even something as small as ten or twenty dollars per ticket, would have put them in the black. (I should mention, that I think AA has done an outstanding job, while avoiding Ch.11.)
Twenty dollars really should be nothing to the average passenger, he probably spends more than that at the airport for coffee, a sandwich and a magazine. However, he will scour the interwebs for hours, trying to save 5 bucks on a ticket. Sadly, all the airlines are more than willing to accomodate him.