I've heard it is the credit card companies that could force UAL into Chapter 11. If they can't re-negotiate some terms with the credit card companies, I think it is nearly impossible for UAL to not file Chapter 11 this winter.
Connect the dots....and follow the money....
UA's largest credit card processor is also their largest creditor and also issues UA's Mileage Plus Visa thus also making them UAL's largest single customer since they buy all those miles from UA directly.
The company in question: JPMorgan Chase. Their banking division is on the hook for UA's debt and their credit card division is a UA partner. In simple terms: UA's largest customer and UA's largest creditor are one and the same.
Thus, UA is the the unique position of having a credit card issuer with an extreme vested interest in the
viability of UA. A chapter 11 filing would only be forced by Chase if there were assets worth restructuring--like unencumbered aircraft, real estate, or pensions. Note that last time UA went through Ch 11, JPMorgan (along with Citi) provided the debtor-in-possession and BK-exit financing for UA. A forced bankruptcy resulting in liquidation does not benefit Chase.
Since UA really doesn't have much to restructure in 2009, Chase has the motivation to help UA avoid the courthouse. Will that be enough? I don't know, but note that actions speak loader than words and Chase has already pre-paid hundreds of millions for some miles to provide UA with additional cash.
For the conspiracy theorists out there, note that JPMorgan Chase has the exact same business relationship with
one other major US airline.
The question is not what what
could happen to UA, but what does Chase
want to happen to UA? Whatever provides the best financial return to Chase in regard to UA such as status-quo, a merger, breakup, or even liquidation....that will be UA's destiny. And Chase is calling all the shots.