An interesting article written in 2006.
 “FedEx Burns Another 
Safety Lessons from the Latest Accident of a FedEx Aircraft 
Air Safety Week 08/07/2006 
   
It’s been an article of faith among multi-engine pilots that if you 
drive your bird in a little hard, forget to flare or kick off the drift, 
then all that will happen is that touchdown will feel significantly 
different, a few fuel-tank seams might weep tears of fuel, and the 
engineers might rib you for causing them extra work. 
  Of course, you will have admitted your sins to them, written up the bird 
and waited anxiously while they carry out a heavy landing inspection. 
That check will progressively indicate, item by item, whether you’ve 
permanently bent anything, or whether they need to check more deeply 
because of what they’ve found. Most of the time, you will not have bent 
anything and the procedure is quite perfunctory. It could happen that 
you’ve bottomed out the oleos and witness-marked an indicator. Rarely 
will a heavy landing blow or even scrub a tire, let alone damage the 
gear or airframe.
 
  After the latest FedEx MD-10 burning on runway 18R at Memphis, Tennessee 
on July 30, the company’s pilots might be forgiven for surrendering up 
the above article of faith. In fact, they may be pondering why their 
“Mad Dogs” are so lame that their legs collapse at will. FedEx pilots 
are made of sterner stuff, so they will just take it on the chin and 
polish their landing techniques, making sure to properly adrenalize 
before each and every landing. “Failure is not an option” I seem to 
recall someone famous saying, while baying at the moon. Evidently the 
Mad Dogs 10 and 11 never got that message. They appear to be 
particularly weak-kneed.
 
  It Seldom Happens In the latest accident, the left landing gear failed 
on the airplane during landing, sending sparks into dry grass beside the 
runway that ignited a fire. Three people on board used an emergency 
landing chute on the right side of the plane to safely escape, avoiding 
the burning engine on the other side. Fire crews responded quickly and 
doused the fire with foam, containing it to the engine area and 
preventing it from spreading to the rest of the aircraft. The plane, 
identified as FedEx Flight 630, had departed from Seattle, Washington. 
Les Dorr, an FAA official in Washington D.C., said landing gear failure 
is a rare occurrence. “A landing gear collapse on a large transport-type 
aircraft is a pretty rare event,” Dorr said. “It seldom happens.” 
  The MD-10 was a valiant attempt by FedEx/MD (and then MD’s takeover 
merchant Boeing) to use up the remaining life in the plentiful old DC-10 
airframes by upgrading the cockpit to an MD-11 style two-man standard, 
simultaneously rewiring and freighter-converting it. Like the two-man 
MD-11F operation, it promised to be a very economical long-haul 
freighter. The DC-10-10 had a Max Gross Weight increase to 446,000lbs 
and the DC-10-30 to a massive 580,000lbs in the Series 30 MD-10. That 
boost in cargo-carrying capability required “structural changes”.
 
  The Advanced Common Flight Deck was intended to allow FedEx pilots to 
operate either the MD-10 or MD-11 interchangeably, for maximum 
scheduling efficiencies. However, when the FedEx pilots got their hands 
on the MD-10, they protested vociferously. They considered that there 
were sufficient dissimilarities as to make any dual qualification 
unsafe. Unlike the 757/767 and the A340/A330 combos, the MD-10/MD-11 
basic designs and handling qualities were of two entirely different 
eras. The company didn’t agree and the FAA and Boeing backed FedEx, so 
the pilots got to operate both. One wonders whether the Flight 
Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA) program has since disclosed any 
lingering safety interludes for those who fly both, interchangeably. 
FOQA regularly checks data-recorders for any pilot handling quirks that 
would be better if they were ironed out with counseling or added 
training. One could also speculate as to whether any such handling 
difficulties, particularly the touchdown, might have carried over into 
longer term aircraft fatigue damage. The MD-11 has had to undergo a 
number of flight-control software patches in an attempt to cure it of 
some of its near-the-ground vices. It is reportedly very unforgiving of 
a one gear first hard touchdown, as the pilot of a Mandarin Airlines 
passenger flight found on his arrival in Hong Kong on the night of Aug. 
22, 1999.
  Turning Turtle That aircraft lost its right gear and wing, inverted and 
caught fire, killing 3 passengers. 
  The pilot had disconnected the autopilot but left the autothrottle 
engaged, which failed to compensate for the gusting crosswind. An 
amateur video showed the aircraft’s quite normal approach in turbulent 
conditions, followed by a high-rate descent beginning at around 50 ft RA 
(radar altimeter). Wind-shear had caused a sudden loss of around 20kts 
and the autothrottle failed to respond. That was the height it was 
software-scheduled to throttle-close for the flare (or landing 
round-out). 
  Near to max landing weight, and in an unremarkable less than 4 degree 
right wing down attitude (for the crosswind), the aircraft hit with a 
high rate of descent. This allowed the RH oleo to bottom out, the #3 
engine to touch the runway and break off, taking the RH wing with it. 
Looking at the relative positions of the wing-gear and the engines 
(further outboard), it’s not surprising that the weight of the engine 
should allow its downward inertia to lever the wing off above the gear 
in a hard touchdown. 
It’s this lack of robustness that gives the MD-11/MD-10 its undoubtedly 
unique characteristic, for a wide-body, of being able to shed a wing and 
achieve an inverted attitude on the ground. Other MD-11 pilots expressed 
surprise that an experienced MD-11 driver would have left the 
autothrottle engaged in these conditions. Most had found that the 
programmed throttle closure in the flare could often, as in this case, 
prove to be the opposite of what conditions (particularly rapid onset 
wind gusts) demanded. The only other available solution for arresting a 
high-rate descent near the ground is backstick. Unfortunately in the 
MD-11, that means an automatic hard tailstrike and a million dollar 
damage bill. Pilots are taught to freeze the pitch attitude and “fly 
out” of any high rate descent near the flare with added power. That 
might kill the speed bleed and extend the landing roll but it precludes 
the tailstrike. In the Mandarin case, with a nasty wind-shear, the 
throttles auto-closing at just the wrong moment and the pilot 
pre-programmed NOT to use backstick, the accident deal was already 
closed. 
On Dec. 21, 1992 a Martinair DC-10 PH-MBN touched down hard in gusty 
conditions at Faro, Portugal. It was again a right gear first touchdown 
-- and the wing separated. On July 31, 1997, a FedEx MD-11F touched down 
hard at Newark, New Jersey with a 500 ft/min descent rate and a slight 
right bank. The right wing-spar broke and the aircraft ended up on its 
back, burning. The finding was that the landing was over-controlled and 
a go-round should have been carried out. On Dec. 18, 2003 it happened 
again, to an MD-10 at Memphis on runway 36R, after a quite stable 
approach. A young F/O never quite got the drift off and touched down 
firmly on the right gear with a very slightly banked attitude. The RH 
gear collapsed and the aircraft burnt out. The NTSB faulted the pilot 
and the flight captain, who was also a check and training pilot. The 
company changed its training regimen after that accident.
  The common denominator for the generic DC-10 and its spawned sub-types 
would seem to be an underbuilt wing that allows a coupled engine 
inertia/main-gear response to break the wing or gear-mounts, in any 
slightly wing-down, harder than normal arrival. When combined with the 
aircraft’s heightened pitch sensitivity and the 
MD-10-10/MD-10-30/MD-11F’s quirky differences, it would seem that a 
FedEx pilot goes frequently in harm’s way and must work harder than most 
to “keep it all together".