Big Daddy,
General info: trips start and end at airports all over the country. If you have a trip that starts somewhere other than your domicile (i.e. MEM/LAX/ANC) you have a front and/or back end deadhead attached. The normal front end deadhead is from domicile to the city where you start, plus layover, then operate the next day and vice-versa on the back end. You can cancel these scheduled deadheads and use the money to travel from where you live, paid for by the company as long as the new ticket costs the same or less as the original, any overage you must pick up. That's pretty rare, however, for example I live on the east coast and can get to anywhere on the west coast for the same price or less than a ticket from MEM, I've never had to pay out-of-pocket. Done this to OAK/LAX/PDX many times. This money can be used as you wish for the bid month (+- 3 days) in which the trip is scheduled. For example if you happen to take a jumpseat home you can use this "bank" money to commute to/from another trip if desired, including to/from domicile for trips that begin from MEM. The guys who have their cake and eat it too are those who can hold trips out of their hometown, ex. a 6-day trip, double deadhead may start on Monday with a DH, then layover, first operational leg on Tuesday, last op leg Friday night, layover, DH back to domicile on Sat. They end up at home on the front and back end and only work 4 days of a 6-day trip...sweet, but must have the seniority.
If your trip starts/ends in domicile you get there on your own. Schedule your jumpseats up to 14 days in advance as I mentioned above, no stress attached.
Still some w/e layovers out there, but fewer since the postal contract started.
Unfortunately I can't answer the Subic question w/out doing some digging, hopefully someone else has it readily available. Hope this helps.