Dow Jones Business News
High Costs Prompt JetBlue, Southwest 4Q Warnings
Friday December 5, 4:40 pm ET
By Elizabeth Souder
NEW YORK -- Low-cost airlines JetBlue Airways Corp.
(NasdaqNM:JBLU - News) and Southwest Airlines Co. (NYSE:LUV -
News) issued warnings about the fourth quarter as higher fuel prices
and capacity increases drive up costs.
The announcements are particularly worrying because they come on
the back of a disappointing Thanksgiving travel weekend from two
airlines that have remained profitable through the industry downturn.
The announcements could mark a turn in fortune in the airline
industry: Growth for low-cost airlines is getting more difficult as
major carriers recover enough strength to compete for market share.
New York carrier JetBlue said late Thursday its operating margin in
the fourth quarter would be in the range of 13% to 14%, lower than
the previous range of 15% to 17%, because the airline's extra capacity
is bumping up costs and weighing on air fares.
Also on Thursday, Dallas carrier Southwest said higher fuel prices
will cause the airline's total costs to rise 4% in the fourth quarter.
"As big airlines restore supply, revenue momentum is fading at low-
fare carriers," said Goldman Sachs & Co. analyst Glenn Engel in a
research note. Goldman seeks investment-banking business with
airlines.
Both JetBlue and Southwest, like most U.S. airlines, said they flew
more passengers in November than a year earlier, thanks in part to
the Sunday after Thanksgiving falling in November this year; last year
it was in December. But analysts worry airlines aren't flying those
passengers as profitably as expected.
That's a problem for airlines both large and small. Houston carrier
Continental Airlines Inc. (NYSE:CAL - News) said its revenue per
available seat mile rose by about 4.5% to 5.5%, lower than analysts
had expected. Continental is the only airline that reports monthly
RASM, closely watched by analysts as an indicator of industry
profitability.
Analysts have said the capacity cuts by major airlines contributed to
higher load factors and higher fares. So as major airlines begin adding
capacity next year, which nearly all have said they will do, analysts
worry load factors and fares will fall, cutting into profits.
The effect will be different for low-cost carriers and major airlines.
Goldman analyst Mr. Engel, who doesn't own shares of the companies
he covers, said as hub airlines restore supply, they gain market share
and lower their average unit costs.
Low-cost airlines, on the other hand, by definition already have very
low unit costs. So they must rely on higher fares and more passengers
to lift margins, which is particularly difficult as big airlines beef up
capacity and fuel costs rise.
In the fourth quarter, major airlines have continued cutting capacity.
But next year, American Airlines plans to add between 5% and 6%
more capacity. Delta Air Lines Inc. (NYSE

AL - News) will add as
much as 10% more capacity -- in part via its low-cost unit Song,
which is designed to compete head-on with JetBlue.
JetBlue will add about 35% to 37% more capacity next year, slowing
its growth. The airline's capacity in November was up 53% compared
with a year earlier, as JetBlue added frequency across its system.
Last year, the airline nearly doubled capacity -- and operating
revenue, showing an operating margin of 16.5%. That's higher than
the projected fourth- quarter operating margin of 13% to 14%.
Lehman Bros. said in a research note the operating margin drop
appears to be driven by competition in the hotly-contested New York
to California routes. America West Holdings Corp. (NYSE:AWA - News)
added service on those routes, prompted fare competition from some
major airlines, Lehman said. Lehman seeks investment- banking
business with airlines.
Take the Los Angeles/New York path. According to Deutsche Bank's
weekly fare review, AMR Corp. (NYSE:AMR - News)'s American
Airlines cut leisure fares on the route by 29% last week, and nearly
halved business fares. That price drop comes amid an overall 6% rise
in leisure fares, and a 5% decrease in business fares, Deutsche Bank
said. The bank seeks business with airlines.
Capacity increases may be more expensive for low-cost airlines than
major carriers, because many low-cost airlines are currently flying all
their planes as frequently as they can. Adding capacity for many of
the low-cost players means adding more planes.
But for major carriers, after cutting capacity for the last couple of
years, adding it back means simply flying the same planes on the
same routes more often each day. Bringing back parked planes to the
fleet would be the next step before the airlines must take the more
expensive step of buying fresh jets.
American Airlines, the world's largest airline, plans to add capacity
next year while reducing its fleet by increasing frequency on existing
routes.
In addition to the looming capacity increases, airlines across the
board face higher fuel prices. Southwest Airlines' fuel-hedging
program is considering the best in the industry by some oil experts.
In an interview with Dow Jones Newswires last week, Southwest Chief
Financial Officer Gary Kelly blamed terrorism fears and turmoil in the
Middle East for the high oil prices, imposing "a significant premium."
Southwest has hedged 87% of its fuel purchases for the second half
of 2003, compared with 100% for the first half. For 2004, the
company has hedged 85% of its fuel needs, Mr. Kelly said.
Airline shares dropped nearly across the board Friday, lead by a
decline in JetBlue shares. In 4 p.m. EST trading on the Nasdaq Stock
Market (News - Websites) , JetBlue was down $5.52, or 18%, at
$25.86. Low-cost airlines with big growth plans fell more strongly
than most major carriers, with America West down $1.88, or 14%, at $
11.91 on the New York Stock Exchange (News - Websites) . AirTran
Holdings Inc. (NYSE:AAI - News) was down $ 1.32, or 9.9%, at
$12.05, also on the NYSE. Southwest, with a more modest capacity
growth plan, was down $1.01, or 6.1%, at $15.59 on the NYSE.
-By Elizabeth Souder, Dow Jones Newswires; 201-938-4148;
[email protected]
(Leah Goodman contributed to this report.)