I see that you haven't yet earned a Private certificate, and you're asking about the instrument, multi and commercial. Perhaps you might want to look into a program that provides the Private to Commercial or CFI if that's your ultimate goal. Some of these programs can finish you up in as little as 6-7 months. Most of these places are part 141 pilot factories that, depending on the schools reputation, may or may not teach you a thing. Part 61, IMO will yield more concrete knowledge and a broader spectrum of experience.
To answer your question, yes, it can be done in any of the time frames you have mentioned. It all depends on many factors. Things like aptitude, time available, weather, aircraft availability, maintenance, instructor availability, etc. As you can see, there are many things that can lengthen or shorten the duration of your training. They say the IFR ticket is one of the hardest to obtain, quite possibly harder than the Private. There's a lot of material to know and many flying skills to be learned. So don’t necessarily expect to breeze right through it if you want to actually learn something.
The commercial and multi rating will probably be much quicker than earning the instrument rating. The commercial is more or less an extension of some private maneuvers along with a few new ones. The multi should probably go even quicker. Although most places can get your multi in a matter of days, you’re by no means proficient in one. It’s gonna take a lot of experience in a twin before you truly have mastery of it. Those quick courses only get you the rating and if anything was a license to learn, it’s the multi rating.
At any rate, if you intend on becoming an instructor, talk yourself through every maneuver during your training. It'll make the CFI much easier as you have to demonstrate this on the checkride.