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Big Flyrs answer

Here is how you fly a IFR flight in class G.

You just do it. Say vis is 1/2 mile so it is IFR right. I can take off from any class G airport and say fly at 1100 feet(below Class e) punch in and out of clouds. follow a road or navigate to an airport that is class G (with navaids) and land. If uncontrolled airspace goes up high enough you could shoot an instrument approach into an uncontrolled airport without ever turning on the com radio and be PERFECTLY LEGAL (stupid though).

Many controlled airports go to class G at night or when tower is closed so it is POSSIBLE. That is the issue is it possible and legal YES. Practical, safe and done often, no.
 
Re: I LOVE THIS BOARD

spike said:


One comment was made about IFR altitudes, remember that only counts for CONTROLLED airspace. You can fly at ANY altitude you want in uncontrolled airspace

I wasn't going to post again on this thread, but I will make this one exception.

You are wrong in your statement about ANY altitude. If you are going to fly IFR in Class G (uncontrolled) airspace, you must still follow all applicable FARs for Instrument Flight Rules. Specifically, FAR 91.179(b) lists the cruise altitudes for IFR flight in Class G (uncontrolled) airspace. As has been posted above.....over and over.

over...and out.
 
Bigflyr,

Is it possible you have assumed that I am the same person as "spike" ? Your post is addressed to spike, but appears to be responding to things I wrote.

>>>>I don't give a rats @$$ how many people may agree or disagree with me.

I’ve never been a big fan of determining the truth by popular vote either....but, if a number of people are telling me I am wrong on a factual issue, I tend to very carefully examine my position to see if there is perhaps something I’m missing. That’s all I meant, not that something is true because a lot of people say it’s true.

>>>>Please don't talk to me like I haven't a clue.

Sorry, some of your statements led me to believe that you have some fundamental flaws in your understanding of some of the basic concepts.

Your comment; "....be contained entirely within class G airspace for lack of radar coverage" , seemed to suggest that you believed that Class G airspace was just airspace which didn’t have radar coverage. Surely you can agree that an understanding of the nature of Class G airspace is central to the discussion? It seemed to me that you didn’t understand it.

As far as my IFR/VFR explanation, I have gone back and re-read your comments several times. It still seems that you were saying that you may be IFR but not allowed to enter IMC, which obviously suggests lack of understanding of what IFR is..... If that’s not what you were saying, what were you saying.?


>>>What does not make sense to me is the one comment about doing an entire flight in "IMC" ( trust me, I know what that means) conditions from takeoff to landing without a clearance, without talking to anyone, without any kind of traffic separation other than maintaining IFR cruising altitudes, once level, has to make you wonder ....Can I do this? Is it safe? If its not, how can it be legal?


No, you do not have guaranteed separation. No, there is no clearance, clearances just do not exist in Class G airspace Yes, you are taking a chance that you may run into another airplane legally doing the same thing you are. Here’s what keeps you from colliding:

The Sky is very Big, your airplane is very small

Flying the designated altitudes helps reduce the possibility of collision. (at least head-on collisions).

Position announcing helps to resolve potential conflicts, unfortunately, there is no designated enroute advisory frequency, as there is in Canada and Australia. 122.9 is customarily used, as it is also the CTAF at the majority of airports.

Since the advent of GPS, many pilots have taken to offsetting their course to the right of a straight line between the airports or navaids. Some fly half a mile off, some fly a mile off, etc. obviously, this would be of no benefit if everyone offset by the same amount.

When we fly on one of these routes, we are required to contact and coordinate with the other operators and carriers who are approved for that route. This reduces the possibility of a collision enormously. The chance that someone other than a commercial operator would be flying along these routes in IMC is astronomically small. People just don’t hop in their planes and decide to fly to these places. There are no hundred dollar hamburgers. Most of the destinations are military radar facilities, or privately owned mines. Someone who was not an operator on contract would not be welcome at these places.


OK, is this safe, this boring around through the clouds without anyone ensuring separation for m others doing the same thing?

Well, what is safe? Safe is a relative term, life has risks.
I think that the risk of a collision in the clouds is very, very small. You have to keep in mind a couple of things:

This is in Class G, there isn’t much traffic. If there was substantial traffic, the FAA would classify it Class E and assume the responsibility for separating traffic. These are places where you can fly for a hundred miles and not see a single sign of other humans, no fields, no towns, no houses, no roads, no nothing. There just aren’t very many people, and as a result, not very many airplanes.

Personally I’d feel a lot safer flying at 2000+ feet above the terrain in the clouds between Koyuk and Buckland, than I would flying on an IFR clearance, in radar contact, on the airway, talking to center, at 4000 ft on a sunny day on the east coast of Florida. Airplanes are crashing into each other all the time in Florida, and it’s no wonder, they’re thicker than mosquitoes. By contrast, I don’t know of any collisions between 2 airplanes in IMC in Alaska, ever. I’ve done both, and I like the odds here a lot better.

Does this answer your questions?


CVSfly,

theoretically, at least, you could depart into a 500 foot ceiling at an airport where the controlled airspace starts at 1200 ft AGL and collide with an airplane legally flying in IMC. It’s unlikely, as it would have to be in a place that was almost perfectly flat with no obstacles higher than 100 feet for many miles for the other guy to be legal, but it’s at least theoretically possible. Anytime you are outside of Controlled airspace, you are not on a clearance, and separation is not being provided.

Yes, it’s possible for 2 aircraft to be operating in the same proximity in IMC. As with all things in life, there are risks.

Yes, we (my company) do have authorization for enroute operations in Class G airspace.

Vik,

I’m with Spike on this one, I’d be extremely skeptical of a FSDO as a source of truth.

Spike

No you may not fly at any altitude. 91.179 (b) specifies required cruising altitudes for flight in Class G airspace.

Desert Pilot,

If you are at the correct altitude, and your airplane is appropriately equipped, and your CFII is legally cirrent, and you are in Class G airspace, then Yes, you may punch through a cloud. If your Instructor says differently, he is wrong.

There, have I left anyone out?

regards
 
Big Flyrs answer

Here is how you fly a IFR flight in class G.

You just do it. Say vis is 1/2 mile so it is IFR right. I can take off from any class G airport and say fly at 1100 feet(below Class e) punch in and out of clouds. follow a road or navigate to an airport that is class G (with navaids) and land. If uncontrolled airspace goes up high enough you could shoot an instrument approach into an uncontrolled airport without ever turning on the com radio and be PERFECTLY LEGAL (stupid though).

Many controlled airports go to class G at night or when tower is closed so it is POSSIBLE. That is the issue is it possible and legal YES. Practical, safe and done often, no.
 
A squared is right again.

As Homer Simpson would say, "DOOH!"

You're right, I confused the VFR and IFR altitude regs.

Yes IFR altitudes state any altitude below 18,000MSL ect...

Good call A squared, ... learned something today.
 
big d,the idea was to punch a cloud in class g if possible-safe and legal,about the training in the west-many get the ticket without clouds,so if you see a tiny cloud in the middle of nowhere-just an idea.
 
Sorry A Squared, I did confuse some of your statements with some of Spikes. You obviously know what you're talking about and I cannot find any regulations to the contrary, which is probably why this was an interesting topic.

If taking off in zero vis. under part 91 is legal (stupid but legal) then why not fly an entire flight in class G airspace in IMC conditions without a clearance?...I guess that's legal too. Until the day there is a mid-air under those conditions. Besides, the FAA is just another government agency and it would take an act of God to change something before its too late.

As far as being on an IFR flight and not being allowed to enter IMC... yes this can happen if you have a clearance limit. It was my contention that unless you had a clearance to continue under IFR in class G airspace in IMC conditions, that you would have to maintain VFR on top until such clearance was recieved. But that would make too much sense. I guess your justification of flying IMC under IFR in class G as being legal and relatively safe due the the big sky and the small plane will have to suffice.

Unless I can prove you wrong I guess you're right!

Just one more thought before I go... Who would be at fault in the event of a mid-air between two non-TCAS equipped airplanes while flying IMC in class G without the benefit of ATC separation?
Both at the proper cruising altitudes?

Time to go lick my wounds and brush up on the regs... :(
 
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Hmmm....

Totally agree with A Squared... but maybe a nickel in the grass (that means something to some of you) will help:

When operating IFR in uncontrolled airspace, the PIC is the "clearance authority". (In controlled airspace, ATC is the clearance authority.)

For those wanting examples, look at SW Texas between El Paso and Del Rio... lots of opportunity for this discussion ... AND you are below radio contact for much of ATC (I fly there frequently).

g'luck all..

XGuppy
 
Sorry to rehash this old threat, but it's has been very informative.

So now I have a real-life scenario regarding this threat.

I'm stuck out in the boonies and we're supposed to depart this dump tomorrow morning, unfortunately as I am sitting here writing this fog is starting to roll in! This hole I'm overnighting at is a VFR-only airport in Class G with Class E airspace at 1200' feet above.

So the question now is; Can I LEGALLY depart this uncontrolled VFR-only airport tomorrow morning under 91 if the Vis is say 1/4 mile?

I seem to remember that you needed 1sm and clear of clouds in Class G for VFR, now can I be can I depart IFR from a VFR only airport?

Can I even pick up an IFR clearance from a VFR field?

Spike, a question about one of your post. How do can you maintain legal terrain separation, if you "just do it?" I have no doubt that what A Squared is doing is legal since he is an IFR procedure ruled by TERPS criteria, but there are none here!

Terrain is not an issue here, I’m just trying to think of possible gotcha’s that might come into play.

Thanks in advance for you're replies!
 
501261,

Just after this thread ended, I found an AOPA Safety Advisor booklet on airspace. I am not a member of AOPA, so I don't know if it is availalbe online. It had a trivia question in there that went to the effect,

"Can you legally depart an airport in Class G in IFR conditions?"

and the answer said you could, if you were instrument rated.

As far as terrain, use your charts to figure that one out and pray no one built a building at the end of the runway between when the chart was published and when you are taking off.

Just make sure you pick up your IFR clearance before entering controlled airspace that is in IFR conditions.

Oh yeah, make sure you are instrument rated too :) Its *REQUIRED* even in uncontrolled airspace.

I'm not an expert, so hopefully someone will back me up (but the upside is I got my instrument ticket less than a year ago).
 
501261,

There's no reason why you can't do what you say, but you should think about what you're going to do before you do it (and you obviously are!)

the things you need to think about are 1) hitting the ground, 2) hitting someone else and 3) violationg the regs.

1) hitting the ground. If there's no approach established for the airport, there's no departure procedure, nor has the terrain been evaluated. You're entirely on your own for terrain clearance, and you'd better be sure you know what's around you and how you can safely get to the enroute structure. If you're satisfied you have a handle on this, on to number 2, hitting someone else. That's a sticky one, you're trusting on luck to some extent. there could be someone legally stooging around in 1 mile and clear of clouds. there's a very slim chance there could be someone legally overflying your airplort IFR in class G airspace (very slim), there shouldn't be anyone on approach, as there's no approach procedure, and you need a IAP even in Class G. If you're willing to accept those risks, it's on to # 3. You need a clearence to fly IFR in controlled airspace. 1200 feet isn't going to give you much time to get a clearence after takeoff, and it's very likely that ATC doesn't have radio coverage at thos altitudes, so you want to get the clearence before departing. You should be able to get a clearence by phone from FSS or ATC. It will probably read something like "cleared to enter controlled airspace....." and will probably have a void time.

when you think about it, items 2 and 3 are not all that different than departing one of the many airports *with* an IAP and obstacle clearence procedure where the controlled airspace does not come all the way to the ground.

hope this helps

regards
 
you've got my backing

I'll back you up on that one. You can legally depart a class golf airport under IFR in IMC. Now again that being said I wouldn't recommend doing it! You may have a hard time finding the take off minimums for these fields. There is alot of class Golf airspace out west. There are also alot of mountains out west as well. I wouldn't recommend doing this.

An instrument rating IS required. There was however mention of an instrument rating in the original post.

Finally yes you can go punch clouds in class golf airspace with out talking to anybody. Not the greatest idea though. This is what gets me about some of the CFR's, they allow people to do this kind of extremely dangerous stuff, and yet there are some regs that are so rediculous they need to be removed. I personally think this regulation should be removed.

Fly very safe!
J.
 
Thanks A Squared,

Not too worried about #1; we're pretty light, since the also don't sell Jet A at this podunk, so we'll be up, up and away before we leave the airport boundary.

Not too worried about #2; there's nothing out here and we've got TCAS, and if I still manage to hit somebody, I've got the winning lottery ticket in my pocket!

I'm always worried about #3, plan that worst case scenario! What if Mr. FAA is driving by as we board? "Excuse, me where do you think you're going? This is Pokunk VFR and it's IMC?"
 
501261 said:
I'm always worried about #3, plan that worst case scenario! What if Mr. FAA is driving by as we board? "Excuse, me where do you think you're going? This is Pokunk VFR and it's IMC?"

I was hoping not to return to this thread but I've got too much time on my hands lately.

As far as the legality of this senario is concerned we all pretty much agree that it is NOT illegal to fly IMC in class G, or depart a class G airport in IMC without a clearance or talking to anyone, as long as the pilot and airplane are IFR qualified, and therefore it's legal.

Ask yourself the following: Is it safe? You the PIC are responsible for the safety of the flight...

If that doesn't sway you... ask yourself "Would you do it with a Fed on board?" Well, would ya' Punk? ;)
 
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501261,

Sorry I guess I should read all the post. I didn't read anything about you being stuck in the middle of no where and having to depart tommorow.

Its not illegal, so I wouldn't worry about the feds. Right now I would be more worried with how to pick up your clearance when the time comes to enter controlled airspace.

If you are sure that there is NOTHING out there then more power to you. I personally don't like zero zero take offs, however they can be done under part 91. I would wait untill the fogs burns at so you can see down the at least some distance.

Its probably not a good idea to make a habit of doing this because of a stand point of saftey.

Fly safe,
J.
 
501261 wrote:

What if Mr. FAA is driving by as we board? "Excuse, me where do you think you're going? This is Pokunk VFR and it's IMC?"

Bigflyr wrote:

Ask yourself the following: Is it safe? You the PIC are responsible for the safety of the flight... If that doesn't sway you... ask yourself "Would you do it with a Fed on board?" Well, would ya' Punk?

Definately things to consider. You could politely ask the fed where in Part 91 it prohibits departing IFR, from an airport which doesn't have an IAP. The answer is "nowhere" but the fed might not be swift enough to realize that, and it could take some sorting out.

This situation is only slightly different than departing an airport *with* an IAP where the controlled airspace ends above the ground. The only real differnce is that # 1 is taken care of for you, if you follow the obstacle departure procedure. If the controlled airspace ends 700 ft AGL, then that only means that there's no one legally flying IFR enroute over you airport in the class G airspace, you still are exposed to the legal VFR scudrunners and the complete bandits. I suspect that many pilots don't realize how many airports with IAPs are located in Class G airspace. Whip out a sectional for any part of the country. At every airport that you see a magenta shaded circle but not a thin blue dashed circle, the controlled airspace stops at 700 ft AGL. There's a whole lot of them out there, and I bet a lot of pilots are flying IFR through Class G airspace without realizing it.



regards
 
>>>>>>One more comment: Many (60%?) of the airports around here don't even have departure procedures; and yes they have IAPs.

If they have IAPs, then they have been evaluated for obstacle clearence on departure. If there is no departure procedure published, that means the airport is suitable for a diverse departure....runway heading to 400 feet, then turn to join the enroute structure. note, this does not mean turn in any direction.


regards.
 
If "1 mile and clear "wasnt safe they wouldnt put in the regs:D
 
Dangerous Regs

One mile and clear of clouds may not always be safe. You would surprised at these regulations. The one about legally punching IMC in mountainous class golf airspace is dangerous enough! However you can do it know problem.

J.
 
JBHEWLETT

>>>The one about legally punching IMC in mountainous class golf airspace is dangerous enough!

This is the second time you've expressed the opinion that IFR in CLass G airspace is somehow the actions of suicidal lunatics. I think that you have some misconceptions about these types of operations. They really aren't all that different that operations in controlled airspace, there's just some additional responsibility on the pilot.

You must maintain the same enroute terrain clearences, 1000 feet AGL, 2000 Ft AGL in mountainous terrain, the same criteria for enroute IFR in controlled airspace. The only difference is that it is the pilots responsibility to determine terrain clearence.

You must fly an IAP established according to the TERPs and flight checked by the FAA, just like in controlled airspace.

You are not required to fly an obstacle departure procedure... but then neither are you required do that in controlled airspace.

So, in the departure, engoute, and approach phases, you are bound by the same legal requirements.

A pilot who has done his homework and is flying by the rules (yes there are rules for IFR flight in Class G airspace) is no more likely to hit the ground than a pilot flying in controlled airspace.

The only real difference is that traffic seperation is not provided.


By the way, you can use the edit function to get rid of your extra posts. It's at the lower right corner of each post.

regards
 
Well I guess thats true

Well I guess thats true, all things being considered. Its more work load on the pilot. With more work load comes more chances for a mistake to be made. Its all about planning and origanization. Anyone who has ever taken an instrument checkride or flies IFR knows that.

Traffic seperation in a problem I suppose. However (from what I have heard and read) since upwards of 75% of pilots are not instrument rated, its probably not real likely that you are going to have traffic problems trying to get in and out of a class golf VFR airport, when the weather conditions are less then optimal.

Have a great one,
J.

PS - thanks for letting me know about the edit function.
 
Great discussion, its been a real learning experience.

I think we can be willing to learn and share information about aviation without creating conflict. At least its those type of personalities that impress me the most, whether or not they are correct on one particular issue.
 
I want to thank everybody for their responses, especially A Squared (you've obviously done a lot of this). IFR in Class G is a nice tool to use if you can use it safely. Certainly an informative threat!

Had no problem getting out of Podunk, it's actually a very friendly place. Apparently, I also need to learn how to reread Sectionals, because the Class G went all the way up to 14,500 MSL out here (told you I was out in the boonies)!

The airport manager said "this is a great place to fly IFR, never have to talk to anyone!" .....that was a comforting thought(sarc.)!

Apparently they go out all the time in the clouds and never talk or receive clearance from anyone (as X Guppy so wisely mentioned the PIC becomes the clearance authority).

One of my questions was can I receive a clearance on the ground at a VFR only airport? The answer is yes, the manager said some people do get a clearance void time. Personally, I decided to do what the locals do and not bother with it (after making sure he didn't have any airplanes up)!

One final thought on this learning experience. The Class G went all the way up to 14,500 MSL, but I was in radar contact and received my clearance (as filed) leaving 7000' MSL. Any thoughts on this? My own thoughts are the controller was simply being easy and not adding "Entering controlled airspace" or something to that affect.
 
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Just another thought on this subject, It seemed to me that there is some confusion with doing things legally and people doing things that aren’t quite legal, but calling it legal because they haven't been violated doing it.

One of the big issues here I believe is the need to keep terrain separation. I think that might be one of the easiest ways to get violated flying IFR at a VFR Class G airport. A Squared has nice DP, but Spike how do you know you have legal terrain clearance?

Of course I did not have a Jepp page 10-7 Airport Analysis for this place. Nor did I actually go out an measure the trees and power lines, so how can I be absolutly sure there are no obstances in my way? With good visibility below the 1000' overcast I was fairly certain that there were no obstacles in my way. However, I could just imagine this hypothetical conversation with the FAA.

FAA: Sir, are you trying to depart?

Me: Yes sir.

FAA: Well, you see we've been trying to get this airport an IAP for years, but you see that 250' tall tree about a 1/4 mile off the runway?"

Me: Yes Sir.

FAA: Well, you see that tree screws up all the TERPS criteria, you need to have something like a 1200' per nm rate of climb to clear it.

Me: But its no were close to the centerline.

FAA: Well it's just close enough. Say just what might your rate climb be on one engine.

Me: We're pretty light, but I don't think even F-15 on afterburner has a 1200' per nm rate of climb on 1 engine.

FAA: That's right, and that's why there's no Instrument procedure in here, and that's why I'm going to need to see you license for a possible 91.177 violation.
 
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JBHewlett,

>>>Its more work load on the pilot. With more work load comes more chances for a mistake to be made.

Yes, this is certainly true, and is something to think about, also there's no-one there to catch mistakes you might make.


501261

>>>>>how do you now you have legal terrain clearance?


Well, what is legal terrain clearence? 91.177 has an exception for "when necessary for taking off and landing" and you're taking off. At the start of your takeoff roll, your terrain clearence is zero. Not to be flip but, even on an approved Obstacle departure procedure, you can be really close to some very hard objects early in the departure.

regarding the tree, that's what they make chainsaws for, but be careful, 450 feet is a *really* big tree.

Seriously though, such a tree wouldn't pose insurmountable difficulties for an Obstacle Departure Procedure. I fly regularly out of an airport with a pretty tall NDB antenna right off the departure end of one of the runways, not 450 feet, but certainly tall enough to poke through the Obstacle Identification Surface. The ODP from that runway calls for an immediate left turn. Note, If you see "immediate" turn in a Departure preocedure, it means just that, immediate,..... wheels up, turn. Retract flaps and reduce power later.

As far as your scenario, you were departing under a 1000' ceiling, with good visibility. That's no more hazardous than departing on a crystal clear day VFR, right? By turning away from the tree after takeoff, you could provide yourself with the same clearence which would be afforded by an official Obstacle Departure Procedure. The simplest soulution though, is wind permitting, depart in the opposite direction. As for maintaining terrain clearence with an engine out, I'm not aware of any requirement for that in Part 91.

regards
 
A Squared quote "You are not required to fly an obstacle departure procedure... but then neither are you required do that in controlled airspace." Where is the interpretation for this? If you are required to use published IAPs according to TERPS criteria under Part 97, what governs departures under IFR? Aren't they under Part 97 as well (I do not have a working knowledge of Part 97) I always knew Part 91 could depart without takeoff minimums (as they only apply to 121/125/127/129/135) but that one had to abide by any published departure procedure (i.e. minimum climb gradients, turns and directions, and/or weather minimums like 1400'/1). Where are some of these examples of areas in contnental U.S. in relatively flat land where the Class G goes all the way to 14,500'? Just asking.
 
CVS,

Yes, you are required to use an IAP, but Part 91 is silent on departure procedures. One might be tempted to construe 91.177 as requiring them in a convoluted way, 91.177 references Part 97, part 97, incorperates the TERPS, DP's are designed according to the TERPS, ergo you must fly a DP or be in violation of 91.177. tempting, but incorrect. Here's a legal interpretation from the office of Chief Counsel:

November 30, 1993
Dear Mr. McBride and Mr. Birdsong:

This is in response to your letter of June 30, 1993, in which you request an interpretation of Section 91.129(f) of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) (14 CFR Section 91.129 (f)).

Section 91.129(f) states, in part, that no person may operate an aircraft taking off from an airport with an operating control tower unless he complies with any departure procedures established for that airport by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) departure procedures are established to provide a safe and efficient route from an airport to the minimum enroute altitude.

The FAA establishes IFR departure procedures in accordance with criteria set forth in the United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPs). IFR departure procedures established under the TERPs are designed to ensure terrain and obstacle clearance provided a pilot adheres to them.

In your letter, you ask whether a pilot must adhere to an IFR departure procedure when cleared for takeoff at an airport with a published IFR departure procedure. You specifically ask whether a pilot is required to adhere to such a procedure under various operating conditions.

Under Section 91.113(b), when weather conditions permit, a pilot must operate his aircraft so as to see and avoid other aircraft regardless of whether the flight is conducted under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) or under IFR. However, under Part 91, a pilot generally is not required to adhere to a published IFR departure procedure. Under Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC), a pilot should, but is not required to, follow an IFR departure procedure. When outside of radar coverage, however, a pilot remains responsible for terrain and obstacle clearance.

Furthermore, Section 91.123 provides that a pilot may not deviate from an Air Traffic Control (ATC) clearance except in an emergency or unless an amended clearance has been obtained. Accordingly, a pilot operating under Part 91 must follow an IFR departure procedure when it is part of the applicable ATC clearance.

Under Part 121 or Part 135, a pilot is required to follow any published IFR departure procedure regardless of whether the flight is conducted under VMC or under IMC.

If you have any further questions regarding this matter, please contact Patricia R. Lane, Manager, Airspace and Air Traffic Law Branch.

Sincerely,

Donald P. Byrne
Assistant Chief Counsel
Regulations Division



As far as the Class G to 14.5 in the continental US, I dunno, Utah? Wyoming? Nevada? Montana?

501261, where were ya?

BTW, I'm not advocating ignoring ODPs. If there's one published, I'm going to use it unless it's really good visual conditions

regards
 
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