To expand a little on what JAFI set forth, the airworthiness standards for any aircraft are the approved data applicable to that aircraft. Approved data means any relevant sources of data that are approved by the Administrator. This includes the regulations under which the aircraft is certificated applicable to it's type certificate, Airworthiness Directives, Supplemental Type Certificates, Field Approvals, and any approved aircraft or component manufacturer maintenance publications.
You should also remember that while the aircraft manufacturer may not have any detailed information on the calibration of the instrument, the instrument manufacturer may.
It's true that in general the only time the instrument is required to be accurate is when empty. However, if that aircraft left the factory with the equipment installed and accurate at all levels, then it had better be the same; it must meet it's type design requirements, and that isn't only what is spelled out in the regulations for type certification. For example, the type certification requirements may not require a given light or antenna, but if installed at the factory, it must be operable per it's installed condition and any relevant approved data, or altered in a manner acceptable to the Administrator.