A lot of AF aircraft have some sort of FDR. Some of the older ones do not. It really depends on what was purchased as part of an upgrade package for those aircraft. As far as monitoring capabilities go, that will depend on the specific aircraft. Some are crash-survivable, others are not (T-38C, for instance). It also depend on the nature of the crash. Combat cabilities, on the other hand, will not be discussed in an open forum.
There are a lot of uses for the information contained in a FDR (MX, flight debrief, safety, etc). In my job, we use the information extensively to debrief a students performance in Basic Fighter Maneuvers (dog fighting). While I can sketch what happens on the chalk board, the information contained in the FDR (downloaded to a PCMCIA card) allows me to do it more efficiently and certainly much more accurately.
Good luck on the start of your aviation career!
BroyF15