Not from the outside, as far as I know. Here at Alaska, unless you just happen to know which N numbers are the glass aircraft and which have round dials, you wouldn't know from the outside. It has nothing to do with the tailcone, that's for sure.
Early MD-80s ALL had the rounded tailcones. Later models then came with the "screwdriver" style, which then was available as a retrofit for earlier models. Today, any model MD-80...MD-82, -83, -87, -88 as well as MD-90s and B-717s have (or can have) the newer tailcone.