Gibraltar Island, the "Gem of Lake Erie" as it is often called, was so named because it resembles the famous British fortress at the west entrance of the Mediterranean Sea. Gibraltar is composed of approximately six acres of native dolomite limestone. Lying at the entrance to the harbor, it serves as a natural breakwater to South Bass Island and provides the harborage which led to the development of Put-in-Bay, Ohio.
In 1807, the title to Gibraltar Island was transferred from the state of Connecticut to Pierpont Edwards. In 1854, the title was sold to Jose DeRivera, a New York capitalist.
Jay Cooke, originally from Sandusky, who became a banker, railroad baron, and civil war financier, bought the island from DeRivera in 1864 for $3,001. Laura Cooke Barney inherited Gibraltar from her father. The Barneys visited the island frequently with their six daughters until they sold it in 1925 to Julius Stone of Columbus.
Immediately after acquiring Gibraltar Island, Stone presented the property to Ohio State's Board of Trustees for the Lake Laboratory. The Board immediately resolved that the name should be changed to the Franz Theodore Stone Laboratory, in honor of the donor's father.
Franz Theodore Stone (1813-1862) was born in Prussia, studied at the University of Koenigsburg, and assisted Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel with his mathematical and astronomical research. Franz probably acquired his extensive knowledge of natural sciences from Bessel. Stone kindled an interest in the natural sciences in his youngest son, Julius Frederick Stone (1855-1947).
Although Julius left school at the age of 13, his two great loves in life &emdash; conservation and medical sciences &emdash; provided him with opportunities for learning and adventure. He started out as a telegraph operator in 1871, switched to coal mining in 1903, and later became Chairman of the Board of the Seagrave Corporation. He was the first to lead an organized boat trip down the entire course of the Colorado River and was posthumously inducted into the Conservation Hall of Fame in 1967 by the Department of Natural Resources. He was well known as a manufacturer, conservationist, and author. He served on Ohio State's Board of Trustees for 20 years.
The Lake Laboratory started in 1895 when Professor David S. Kellicott proposed that The Ohio State University establish a field station on Lake Erie "to afford an opportunity and a stimulus to instructors and students of biology to spend their vacations investigating living problems in biology, especially such as are connected with important industries like the fisheries." As a result, the University Board of Trustees appropriated $350 to build a second floor on the State Fish Hatchery in Sandusky.
Kellicott became the first director of the Lake Laboratory in the summer of 1896. Kellicott established the laboratory to the point that it was able to flourish after his death in 1898. The University named Professor Herbert C. Osborn the second director in 1899, and the Laboratory offered its first formal courses in 1900.
In 1903, the University obtained a 50-year lease for property on Sandusky Bay at Cedar Point and erected a frame building for $3,387, and moved the Lake Laboratory there. The Laboratory was moved again in 1918, this time to the upper story of the State Fish Hatchery at Put-in-Bay on South Bass Island (the University also purchased the lot next door). Osborn retired that year and was replaced by Professor Raymond C. Osburn; however, the Laboratory was operated in his absence until 1925 by Professor Frederick H. Krecker. (Krecker served as assistant director until 1936.)
After Stone donated the island to The Ohio State University in 1925 the University constructed the Laboratory Building (also known as Stone Laboratory), the Dining Hall, Stone Cottage, and Gibraltar House. When the Laboratory Building was completed in 1928, the facilities were moved from the second floor of the State Fish Hatchery Building on South Bass Island to Gibraltar.
Professors Dwight M. DeLong, Thomas H. Langlois, Loren S. Putnam, Charles E. Herdendorf, and Jeffrey M. Reutter assumed the directorship in 1936, 1938, 1955, 1973, and 1987, respectively