GVFlyer
Well-known member
- Joined
- Feb 22, 2002
- Posts
- 1,461
Re: Supersonic in the X ...
No one has a supersonic test point for an airplane designed for sub-sonic flight; the wing and tail and even the fuselage designs differ dramatically for flight in compressible versus non-compressible conditions.
Determing VD and MMO is determined during developmental test and is governed by FAR 25.253, FAR 25.335 and FAR 25.1505.
For most designs, flutter, a destructive-non reversible mode, determines VD and susequently MMO. In the GV, limiting speed was when rudder CLBeta went positive at about .96 mach. This is a very benign aerodynamic effect. If you are conservative you back off M.07 from this speed to determine MMO, if you're not you back off M.05. Gulfstream is very conservative hence the .885 MMO.
Every airplane is born without a Certificate of Airworthiness. Factory Production Test Pilots are authorized by the FAA to fly what is normally around a 40 page FAA approved test card to prove that each airplane meets the requirement of FAR 25 before a C of A is issued. The FAA initially flys each fifth flight with a factory pilot. As the design becomes more mature the FAA backs off to every 10th flight and the test card requirements become less stringent. For the first GV's the test card required that each jet be flown at M .955 to insure that no adverse control characteristics were present should the airplane ever get away from the pilot. The current requirement is to take each GV to M.92. Each G-IV goes to .90 to get a Cof A.
Cheers
GV
.
Snakum said:I caught a Discovery Channel special on business jets in which they rode along on a test flight in a new CX. The test pilot, when talking about how they explore the envelope for each one off the line, said "these jets will go supersonic" ... they've obviously done so in testing. But I'll bet others have as well. I would imagine you'd wanna bump the speed envelope pretty good when certifying a new design to ensure it isn't gonna instantly fall apart or become uncontrolable and unrecoverable when someone inadvertantly hits mach 1.
No one has a supersonic test point for an airplane designed for sub-sonic flight; the wing and tail and even the fuselage designs differ dramatically for flight in compressible versus non-compressible conditions.
Determing VD and MMO is determined during developmental test and is governed by FAR 25.253, FAR 25.335 and FAR 25.1505.
For most designs, flutter, a destructive-non reversible mode, determines VD and susequently MMO. In the GV, limiting speed was when rudder CLBeta went positive at about .96 mach. This is a very benign aerodynamic effect. If you are conservative you back off M.07 from this speed to determine MMO, if you're not you back off M.05. Gulfstream is very conservative hence the .885 MMO.
Every airplane is born without a Certificate of Airworthiness. Factory Production Test Pilots are authorized by the FAA to fly what is normally around a 40 page FAA approved test card to prove that each airplane meets the requirement of FAR 25 before a C of A is issued. The FAA initially flys each fifth flight with a factory pilot. As the design becomes more mature the FAA backs off to every 10th flight and the test card requirements become less stringent. For the first GV's the test card required that each jet be flown at M .955 to insure that no adverse control characteristics were present should the airplane ever get away from the pilot. The current requirement is to take each GV to M.92. Each G-IV goes to .90 to get a Cof A.
Cheers
GV
.
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