How many privately owned companies are there that provide services to your publicly held company? Do those companies provide those services at a competitive rate or a usurious rate?
The reason I ask is that earnings at an airline are somewhat nebulous because money can be shifted from one entity to another to inflict a loss on one and profits to the other private company. Meanwhile, the private companies can pay out huge bonuses from those profits to anyone it chooses and doesn't have to disclose that to the SEC. Imagine that poor executive that is taking a massive paycut or no salary (making a sacrifice) while receiving a payout from one of her other companies.
I'm not conspiracy theorist, but this is common corporate tax planning. that is easy to implement.