Coming off a week that saw three U.S. airlines cease operations, it's only natural to ask "who's next?"
The good news is that no remaining airline appears wobbly enough that customers should book elsewhere and not risk being left at the airport. The U.S. majors, which went through a round of restructuring earlier in the decade that included nearly a half-dozen bankruptcy filings, have large cash hordes and route networks loaded with international flying that does not face the price competition experienced at home. Established discounters like Southwest Airlines Co. and AirTran Airways Inc. have low costs and fuel hedges in place that should allow them to remain competitive regardless of the price of oil. These airlines will undoubtedly be bruised, but are more likely considering dealmaking during this period of weakness than they are pondering bankruptcy filings.
Similarly, Hawaiian Airlines Inc. and Alaska Airgroup Inc., though facing challenges, have lucrative niches that they should be able to take advantage of and make it through a downturn. And JetBlue Airways Inc., armed with a $305 million capital infusion from Deutsche Lufthansa AG last December, seems safe for now.
But if history is a guide, there could be more casualties. The U.S. industry has always seen airlines fail when a downturn strikes, with Midway Airlines, Vanguard Airlines and Legend Airlines among the fatalities from the slowdown earlier in the decade. The only thing that appears different this time around is that with oil at $100 per barrel, the failures are coming early on in a downturn instead of toward the end. And while no one is predicting a near-term shutdown of carriers such as Frontier Airlines Holdings Inc., Spirit Airlines Inc., Midwest Air Group Inc. and Virgin America Inc., these airlines are being watched closely.
Frontier has long been a popular name to throw out when talking about potential shutdowns. The discounter lost money in 2007 as it battles not only United Airlines at its Denver base but a rapid expansion by Southwest as well. But Frontier also has $170 million in cash on hand and is raising more by selling planes. The airline has revamped its route network and cut about 100 jobs in December to save cash, and it appears to have the resources on hand to weather the storm for the time being.
Spirit, meanwhile, has a model with some similarities to ill-fated Skybus Inc., including charging for checked baggage and for beverages and snacks. However, the airline has a much better route map than Skybus, flying to a number of Caribbean destinations where its exposure to discount competition is less intense. But those markets are also reliant on tourist traffic, which is driven in part by the U.S. economy. A prolonged slowdown in the U.S. could cut into the number of island vacationers, which could eventually lead to trouble for Spirit.
Many in the business did not expect to see Midwest planes still in the air in 2008. The Milwaukee-based airline was the subject of a hostile bid by AirTran launched in late 2006, escaping only when it found a white-knight bidder in private equity firm TPG willing to take it private. Ironically, that hostile buyout offer might have saved Midwest, which operates a fleet of inefficient aircraft and might not have made it through a slowdown as a publicly traded company. Armed with TPG cash, Midwest is stable, but its fares are under pressure as AirTran builds its presence flying from Milwaukee to key Midwest destinations. Midwest's fate could be tied to how willing TPG is to contribute new capital to the airline to help it buy new planes, which in turn could be determined by how bad the U.S. economy gets in the coming months.
Virgin America remains a wild card. The airline only began service last August, and typical of a startup has bled money so far, losing $35 million during its first quarter of operations. The airline is attempting to ramp up while other airlines are scaling back flying. Working in its favor is Richard Branson's involvement, as the British entrepreneur who spent more than three years wrangling with U.S. regulators for permission to start service is unlikely to give up easily. But U.S. law limits Branson's ownership, and it is unclear that U.S. investors led by Black Canyon Capital and Cyrus Capital Partners who have already committed about $162 million will be willing to fund continuing losses.
A number of smaller regional airlines that operate small jets and propeller planes under major brands could also be in jeopardy should their partners attempt to squeeze them for lower costs, but that flying could quickly be absorbed by other regional operators. -
Lou Whiteman