If you're talking about a simple break with no changes in your ability to hold an airman medical certificate, then you do not need any recertification. This isn't any different than getting a cold or fever, or any other condition that changes you from being medically fit and able to perform your duties as a crewmember.
If you can no longer meet the requirements to hold a medical certificate, or encounter a condition which changes your fitness to hold that certificate, then you'll need additional review. If you get a cold and have blocked sinuses for several days, once your sinuses have returned to normal, you may continue to operate under your medical certificate. You have not developed a condition that would prevent you from holding or obtaining a medical certificate. You have merely experienced a temporary condition which prevents the normal execution of your duties, and has made you temporarily unfit to fly.
Likewise, breaking a bone doesn't constitute a health disaster in most cases. The specific nature of what has been broken, however, will determine what needs to be done in your specific case, as well as how it fits into your overall health, and the particular requirements you may have in your flying.
Over the years I've broken all my fingers, some toes, my nose a couple of times, had vertebrae knocked out of position on several occasions, broken knees, elbows, ankle, ribs, foot, etc. In a number of cases, these injuries did not impact my ability to fly or perform my cockpit duties, and I continued to fly with them. In other cases, I was unable, and refrained from flying duties until my health returned to it's former condition.
In one case, I experienced a parachute failure and ended up in intensive care. When I got out of intensive care, my doctor was also my AME, and he determined exactly what I needed to return to duty. Recovery took nearly a year, but during that time I was able to return to flying with an unrestricted medical. A decade and a half later, my ankle occasionally still hurts considerably, and once in a while my neck reminds me that it doesn't care to turn in a particular direction...those things will likely never go away, but they're known quantities, and haven't impacted my ability to do my job or hold a medical certificate.
If in doubt, discuss your condition with your AME.
If you're talking about a doctor's release for your company, then you need to talk to your company and the doctor, and come to an understanding on exactly what will be required for you to satisfy all involved parties.