GS was not bailed out.Not to minimize the loss. But look at Goldman Sachs ... they should have had their doors nailed shut but were bailed out in part by Berkshire. Now look at their profits!
1. They accepted Berkshire money on very disadvantaged terms after Buffett did not acquiesce to the terms they wanted over many months. Once again, Warren shows that patience is a virtue.
2. The AIG bailout did not affect GS directly because GS had insured their exposure to AIG through another insurance company and would have been paid whether AIG was saved or not. The governments AIG bailout did however directly affect that 3rd party who was on the other side of the GS insurance contract, they saved 20 billion dollars since AIG did not default.
3. The TARP money was forced down GS's throats. Read what happened in the meeting with the 8-9 big bank CEO's and Paulson. He had a 1 page contract for them to sign before they left and they did not have a choice. Paulson verbally threatened them with negative future regulator decisions if they did not accept the TARP funds as a show of unity.
GS was the strongest of the banks and did not need a bailout. They raised private funds in the middle of the crisis, and had their exposure hedged in multiple ways.